What type of disclosure does FERPA allow without written consent?

FERPA, or the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, outlines specific circumstances under which educational institutions may disclose a student's personally identifiable information without obtaining written consent. One important provision is that schools are permitted to share educational records with officials of another school or institution where the student is transferring. This allows for a smooth transition and helps ensure that the receiving institution has access to relevant educational information, which can include academic records and enrollment history essential for proper placement in classes and ensuring that the student’s educational needs are met.

This provision balances the student's right to privacy with the need for continuity in their education, enabling schools to collaborate and share necessary information seamlessly. The other options are typically not permissible without consent under FERPA: personal use disclosures, sharing with law enforcement, or providing data for research purposes usually require specific written consent or do not conform with FERPA guidelines.